Financial services are the activities, products and tools that support the economy by enabling individuals to buy and sell goods and services. They include depository institutions (like banks and credit unions), providers of investment products like stocks, bonds and mutual funds, insurance companies, and credit and financing organizations. The sector also includes critical financial utilities such as clearinghouses and exchanges.
The industry may seem all-encompassing today, but it wasn’t always so. Before the 1970s, each sector of financial services stuck to its own specialty. Banks offered checking and savings accounts, while loan associations focused on mortgages and personal loans. Brokerage companies sold consumers investments in the form of shares and securities, while credit card companies like Visa and MasterCard provided credit cards.
But, as consumer demand changed, the lines between different sectors blurred. Banks began offering a broader range of products, and smaller companies merged to compete with larger ones. This consolidation and expansion resulted in a massive number of layoffs, but it also led to a new age of opportunity for the financial services sector.
This industry is a vital component of the world’s economic success, and it affects every individual from the smallest startup to the largest corporation. When it succeeds, the economy grows, and when it fails, it can lead to a recession. That’s why it’s so important to keep an eye on the industry, and be aware of how changes could impact you personally and professionally.